The aim of the current study was to Comparison of academic functioning based on identity achievement among Athletic girl student of Shabestar Islamic Azad University. The population of this research was the all students of Islamic Azad University of Shabestar. Among them 320 athletes were selected by cluster sampling. Those athletes who were cooperate in individual or team sport at least the past year under coach and continuously.Data were gathered using Identity Status Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results show that about 19 percent of students have achievement identity Status and 27 percent of them have diffusion Status.There is a significant difference (p<0.001) in academic functioning, between achievement Status and other there Statuses. In other words they have high function than other groups and the students who had diffusion Status, have poor academic functioning.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is recognised as a pandemic in the developed world. However, the importance of prudent sun exposure tends to be overlooked, which is responsible for this pandemic. Methods: We investigated the vitamin D Status in 326 adults, 165 females and 161 males: 99 Osteoporosis patients, 53 Type 1 Diabetes patients, 51 Type 2 Diabetes patients, and 123 Athletic Healthy individuals, from Northern Greece, through the measurement of total calcidiol in winter and summer by immunoenzymatic assay. Results: In the Whole Sample 23. 31% had severe deficiency, 13. 50% mild deficiency, 17. 48% insufficiency, and 45. 71% adequacy at the end of winter. Mean concentrations differed significantly (p <0. 001) between males and females. The prevalence of deficiency in the young was significantly lower than in the middle-aged (p = 0. 004) and in the elderly (p <0. 001), while it was significantly lower (p = 0. 014) in the middle-aged than in the elderly. The best vitamin D Status was found in the Athletic Healthy individuals, followed by the Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic patients, while Osteoporotic patients had the poorest Status. The difference in mean concentrations between winter and summer was significant (p <0. 001). Conclusions: Vitamin D Status deteriorated with increasing age and it was better in males than in females. Our findings suggest that outdoor physical activity in a Mediterranean country can cover the vitamin D needs of the young and the middle-aged, but not of the elderly, without the need for dietary supplements.

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal Status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

Introduction The medial longitudinal arch (MLA) plays a role in foot function and injury prevention, particularly during growth. Its shape could be age-and chronic Athletic loading-dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of participation in sports on MLA development in participants under the age of 20 years. Methods A cross-sectional study on 494 subjects (256 boys and 238 girls) aged below 20 years was undertaken. Subjects were divided into four age groups and further divided into athletes and non-athletes. Foot morphology was quantified using a 3D foot scanner, and the Arch Index was calculated. Independent T-tests were run to ascertain the effect of Athletic Status on the Arch Index for each age group. Results Athletes exhibited lower Arch Index values than non-athletes in some subgroups, most significantly in boys aged 12–15 and girls aged 16–19. These differences were statistically significant in some cases (p < 0. 05), and in others, borderline (e. g., p = 0. 05 and p = 0. 08). The effect size was small, and asymmetries between the right and left foot existed—greater in the left foot of boys and the right foot of girls. Conclusion The findings suggest the possible association of sport participation with higher MLA height during developmental years. However, due to small effect sizes and borderline statistical significance in some groups, the results need to be interpreted carefully. More prospective research is needed to establish the type, intensity, and duration of sport playing roles in MLA development.

This paper focused on comparing the personality profile and inventory of Athletic and non-Athletic female and male high school students in Tehran in order to see if the personality traits of these students stemmed from their gender. The sample included 260 high school students randomly selected in Tehran (130 girls and 130 boys, with 65 athletes and 65 non-athletes in each group). Gordon's personality questionnaire with the desired validity was used in the study. The questionnaire had eight variables (ascendancy, responsibility, sociability, emotional stability, cautiousness, original thinking, personal relations, and vigor). To answer the research hypothesis, MANOVA's multivariate variance analysis was used, yielding the following results: athletes scored high in all eight research areas except for cautiousness, while non-athletes scored low in all these areas. Athletic male students scored higher in sociability and cautiousness, while Athletic female students ranked higher in emotional stability, original thinking, vigor, and ascendancy. As far as responsibility is concerned, there was not a significant relationship between Athletics and gender. In general, students scored highest in ascendancy but lowest in personal relations. Overall, male athletes ranked first in cautiousness and personal relations, while female athletes ranked first in all other six areas.